English - Urinary System Part 1: Intensive A&P Course #38 | I'm going to love (2023)

We spend a lot of time talking lately
about eating, digesting and metabolizing food.

And those are some of my favorite things about
the world! It was a great moment.

But like any good party or brunch buffet,
In the end, we were left with a mess.

And I'm not talking about spilled beer and
Dorito Crumbs, I'm talking toxic levels.

Garbage that must be disposed of first
o matan

In your body comes a lot of the cleaning that comes
after the metabolism is controlled by the liver, the

plays a tremendous role in managing dead cells and
leftover chemicals in the digestive and urinary systems.

But your liver can't actually transport waste.
of your person

Your lungs can help and exhale carbon.
carbon dioxide and of course your colon will run out

useless poo and parts of old cells.
But much of its chemical waste still needs

classified and eliminated, that is, a system
steps to clean the bats.

And this is your urinary system.

This system, and especially your kidneys
-- makes all kinds of important homeostatics

things like regulating the flow of water,
ionic salt concentrations and pH and

Affecting your production of red blood cells
and blood pressure.

But its main objective: what we do
focus on the next two lessons

-- so it filters out toxic waste
Your blood - like the nitrogenous waste created

metabolizing proteins and transporting them
of the body

And, spoiler alert! – all this includes
how and why and what of your urine.

By now, you probably already know that the kidneys are filters.
and you can think of them as filters straining

take the bad and leave it at that
a hairball at the bottom of the bathtub.

But this is just the opposite.
what to think

Most of what's in your blood is whole
removed from the kidneys. then your body pulls

go back to what you want to hold on to first
The remainder is sent on a one-way trip to the bubble.

It goes something like this: you don't empty your fridge
just taking out the rotten fruit and the fluffy leftovers.

Instead, you have to let it all out.
and put it on the counter and then fix it

what goes back in the fridge and what goes
In the trash.

This is How You Clean Your Urinary System
high. And it does its job very well.

So this morning I opted for the healthy one.
route and instead of eating my normal breakfast

You're welcome, I had a large 32oz protein shake.

My digestive system was working and everything
the protein has been hydrolyzed into amino acids,

taken and sent by my blood
anywhere in my body to build and repair cells.

It's a beautiful thing, but not without it.
Consequence.

How nutrients are metabolized, especially
Protein: Makes a mess.

You must remember that amino acids are unique,
that have nitrogen in their amino groups.

And since we cannot store amino acids,
Extras are processed into storable carbs or fat.

But the amino group is not used in these
storage molecules, thus becoming

NH3 or ammonia which turns out to be toxic. Then the

The liver converts ammonia into a less toxic compound,
Urea that our kidneys filter out in our urine.

Once out of the body, urea can be broken down again.
to ammonia, therefore dirty, urine soaked

Toilets and litter boxes smell like ammonia.

Now this removing the nitrogen
Littering is one of the urinary system's biggest jobs.

Its other main function is to regulate balance.
Salt and water in your blood and both

these tasks are processed as a whole
tubular system which is your urinary system.

So let's take a look at some basic steps for peeing.
Anatomy.

His kidneys are a pair of dark red, the size of a fist,
bean-shaped organs sitting on each side

Your spine against the posterior body wall.

The kidneys are retroperitoneal, which means that
lie between the dorsal wall and the peritoneum

- the membrane that surrounds the abdomen
cavity - instead of inside the cavity itself,

as well as your intestines and your stomach.

Each kidney initially has three distinct layers
with the outermost shell.

Below is the marrow,
a series of conical masses

Tissues that secrete urine in small, sac-like tubes.

And finally, the innermost layer is the kidney.
Basin, a funnel-shaped tube surrounded by

smooth muscle that moves urine peristaltically
from the kidney, to the ureter and to the bladder.

Because the main function of the kidneys is to filter
Continuous blood, end up seeing a lot.

In fact, they stop at one point.
20 percent of your total blood volume.

Oxygenated blood enters the kidneys through the kidneys.
the great renal arteries supplying nearly

a quarter of all blood is pumped through the
heart every minute This means that your kidneys

filters about 120 to 140 liters of blood EACH
LABEL.

When they enter the kidneys, many renal arteries branch off,
many times and ends up in tons of little strands of hair.

So a cardioid is not just a great filter; instead,
Each consists of about a million curves.

microscopic filtering units called nephrons.

Structurally and functionally they are nephrons.
where is the real blood processing business

-- which, like "pee" -- starts in three steps:
filtration, absorption and secretion.

Each nephron consists of a round corpuscle
which is at the top of the crust, followed by

a long, tortuous renal tubule that winds
between the cortex and the medulla.

The outer part of the corpuscle is cup-shaped.
Feature called glomerular capsule because

It contains a whole tangle of capillaries.
Called the glomerulus - which comes from the

Latin word for "ball of wool", meaning
about how it looks.

And the endothelium of these capillaries is
very porous. So you allow a lot of liquid,

Residues, ions, glucose and amino acids
pass from the blood to the capsule, but

They block larger molecules like blood.
Cells and proteins to keep them in the blood.

and exit via the peritubular capillaries
also known as vasa recta.

Well all those things that get squeezed
the blood in the glomerulus is called filtrate,

which is then shipped at great cost
three-centimeter-long twisted renal tubule.

Even though it looks like it's just a tube
It has three main parts, some of which are

Permeable to certain substances, not others.

First along is the proximal convoluted tubule,
or PCT, which sounds so complicated

As the name implies; then the hose falls
on a spectacular sharp turn called the Nephron

Loop or loop of Henle, I call it something
I personally like it better - and finally

ends in the distal convoluted tubule or DCT,
terminating in a collecting channel.

All this twisting can make the tubule look
like super inefficient but it actually works

an important purpose, as expected.

Like the small intestine, the
long, curly shape of the nephron

more time and space to pick it all up again
Useful things you can.

And the parts also make this winding road possible
of the tubules, which are at the end, to

affect running processes
closer to the start when they intersect.

Because a lot of what ends up in it
tube are valuable products such as

Ions and glucose and water - and we don't
I just want to pee on you all if we can help it.

So let's go through the whole process starting with this.
above, with the proximal convoluted tubule or PCT.

The walls here consist of cubical epithelium.
cells, with large ancient mitochondria that make

ATP to drive pumps that extract a large amount of sodium
Active transport filtrate ions.

These cells are also covered by microvilli.
that increase and help your surface

reabsorb most of the good things from
filter and return to the blood.

The remaining filtrate passes through the PCT
in the loop of Henle, which begins at the

cortex, then emerges in the medulla
go back to the crust.

And the shape of that loop is the key to its function,
because its main function is to promote the reabsorption

of water creating a concentration of salt
Gradient in marrow tissue.

This is mainly done by active pumping.
You exit on the ascending branch. This creates

some very salty interstitial fluid in the
Medulla, that is, when new filtration descends.

Descent loop in front, passive water
it flows out and into supersalty space.

Since most of the water is absorbed by the
The blood quite fast, the salinity of the

Space is not diluted.
So that you can continue to draw water from the next

Load filtering on the downstream branch.

Needless to say, this is very important.
Because when we pee all the water

got into our kidneys, we would die of dehydration
very fast.

But even after that, we're still
two-thirds of the process.

If we leave the loop of Henle, in
The convoluted tubule distal and beyond the

The collection channel is the remaining filtrate.
now officially pisses. but there's one more

Component that we should squeeze more
before we get rid of things. Urea.

Even if we consider urea as a waste
-- just one more serving of this protein shake

that has to be removed - actually the kidneys
to need.

They use it to increase the concentration gradient.
earlier in the process of making the marrow

even more salty by the filtering that returns
passes through the ascending branch.

So, in the final steps, after filtering
exits the DCT, enters the collection channel,

that goes back to the medulla. Meanwhile
salt passively extracts even more water

from the collecting duct, some passive urea
urine comes out too.

Make the marrow even more salty and,
in turn more effective in extracting water

a few steps behind the ascending branch.

So essentially there's a group of travelers
of urea that escapes from the urine finds its

I walk back to the Henle Loop, and then
Of course, it all goes back to collecting

Conduit: an ammonia-smelling circuit called urea.
Recycling.

Now all that's left is some kind of final call
selectively smuggle more junk -- like

Hydrogen, potassium, and certain organic acids
and bases - using active transport.

This is called a tubular secretion and is transported
Select only waste types that already exist

found their way to the blood that's in
peritubular capillaries, ready to leave the kidneys.

This step is something like emptying your pockets
of the last crumpled handkerchiefs or receipts

while walking a garbage bag to go
curb.

And this is how your kidneys clean
Chaos left over from the big party

They metabolize food. So if this is what you thought
Your kidneys were fine mesh

bad things leaked? now you know what it is
is not true.

If you thought your urinary system was basically
is: water goes in, piss comes out?

This is DEFINITELY not true.

And if you thought we were done talking about it
your urine, this is also not true,

because next time we will learn
how your body regulates what you eat

and what is excreted, and we will find out
can happen if this fix goes wrong.

But now you've learned the anatomy of yourself.
Urinary system and how your kidneys filter

Metabolic waste and salt and water balance.
blood concentrations. Special

You learned how nephrons use glomerular filtration,
tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion

to replenish water and nutrients
the blood and make urine with the remains.

Many thanks to our manager Linnea
Boyev, and thanks to all our Patreons.

Sponsors whose monthly contributions help contribute
Intensive course possible, not just for you,

but for everyone If you like the crash course
and you want to help us keep making videos like

this you can go to patreon.com/crashcourse.

This episode was filmed at Doctor Cheryl
C. Kinney Crash Course Studio, was written

by Kathleen Yale, edited by Blake de Pastino,
and our consultant is Dr. brandon jackson

Directed and edited by Nicole Sweeney;
our sound designer is Michael Aranda, and

The graphics team is Thought Cafe.